Tsohon yaren Nubian

Tsohon Nubian (wanda kuma ake kira Middle Nubian ko Tsohon Nobiin) wani yaren Nubian ne wanda ya ƙare, wanda aka tabbatar da shi a rubuce daga karni na 8 zuwa 15 AD. Ya kasance kakannin Nobiin na zamani kuma yana da alaƙa da Dongolawi da Kenzi. An yi amfani da shi a duk masarautar Makuria, gami da eparchy na Nobatia . An adana harshe a cikin shafuka sama da ɗari na takardu da rubuce-rubuce, duka na addini (homilies, addu'o'i, hagiographies, zabura, lectionaries), kuma suna da alaƙa da jihar da rayuwar sirri (takardun shari'a, haruffa), waɗanda aka rubuta ta amfani da daidaitawa da haruffa na Coptic.

Tsohon Nubian, a cewar masana harsuna na tarihi, shine yaren da ake magana da shi na tsofaffin mazaunan kwarin Nilu. ^[2], Berhens, Griffith da Bechhause-Gerst sun yarda cewa Nilu Nubian ya samo asali ne a kwarin Nilu.

Tsohon Nubian yana daya daga cikin tsofaffin rubuce-rubucen yarukan Afirka kuma ya bayyana cewa an karbe shi daga karni na 10 zuwa 11 a matsayin babban harshe ga gwamnatin farar hula da addini ta Makuria. Baya ^[3] Tsohon Nubian, ana amfani da Girkanci na Koine sosai, musamman a cikin mahallin addini, yayin da Coptic yafi yawa a cikin rubutun jana'iza. ^[4] tsawon lokaci, yawancin Tsohon Nubian sun fara bayyana a cikin takardun duniya da na addini (ciki har da Littafi Mai-Tsarki), yayin da bangarori da yawa na Girkanci, gami da shari'ar, yarjejeniya, jinsi, da yanayin tashin hankali sun sha wahala sosai. Takardun tsarkakewa da aka samu tare da ragowar babban bishop Timotheos sun nuna, duk da haka, cewa ana ci gaba da amfani da Girkanci da Coptic har zuwa ƙarshen karni na 14, lokacin da Larabci ma ana amfani dashi sosai.

1. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Old Nubian". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
2. ↑ Nubia: Corridor to Africa
3. ↑ Ochała 2014. sfn error: no target: CITEREFOchała2014 (help)
4. ↑ Burstein 2006. sfn error: no target: CITEREFBurstein2006 (help)